All normalized Jones vectors represent a wave of the same intensity ( within a particular isotropic medium ).
2.
In an isotropic medium ( inside a glass of water for example ), water molecules naturally move randomly according to turbulence and Brownian motion.
3.
In an isotropic medium such as cerebro-spinal fluid, water molecules are moving due to diffusion and they move at equal rates in all directions.
4.
In an optically isotropic medium, the rays are normals to the wavefronts, but in an optically anisotropic crystalline medium, they are in general at angles to those normals.
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A transverse wave is one in which the amplitude vector is orthogonal to "'k "', which is the case for electromagnetic waves in an isotropic medium.
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In addition, the citation focuses on various concepts and production procedures related to isotropic medium of negative permeability, CPW support propagation of a particular left-handed wave and wire media that exhibits negative permittivity.
7.
;Electromagnetics : An isotropic medium is one such that the permittivity, ?, and permeability, ?, of the medium are uniform in all directions of the medium, the simplest instance being free space.
8.
Eqn . 4b indicates that \ mathbf D is orthogonal to the direction of the wavevector k, even though that is no longer generally true for \ mathbf E as would be the case in an isotropic medium.
9.
In a lossless isotropic medium such as air, any gas, any liquid, or some solids ( such as glass ), the direction of the wavevector is exactly the same as the direction of wave propagation.
10.
For electromagnetism in an isotropic medium with index of refraction " n ", the phase velocity is " c " / " n ", which equals the group velocity if the index is not frequency-dependent.
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